In organic chemistry, aromatic sulfonation is a reaction in which a hydrogen atom on an arene is replaced by a sulfonic acid (−SO2OH) group. Together with nitration and chlorination, aromatic sulfonation is a widely used electrophilic aromatic substitutions. [1] Aryl sulfonic acids are used as detergents, dye, and drugs.
The sulphonation reaction occurs due to the addition of the first sulphonic acid group, which creates an electron absorption effect (Aro and Fatehi, 2017). The presence of the sulfonic group at the α site promotes the addition of another sulfonic group at the β site, leading to the depolymerization of the β-aryl ether bond (Yasuda et al., 1999).
Sulphonation of Phenol: The chemical reaction between phenol and concentrated sulfuric acid is known as the sulphonation of phenol. The resulting sulphonation product depends on the operating temperature. At lower temperatures, phenol reacts with concentrated H2SO4 to form o-phenol sulphonic acid.
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