What's the difference between stochastic and random? There is an anecdote about the notion of stochastic processes. They say that when Khinchin wrote his seminal paper "Correlation theory for stationary stochastic processes", this did not go well with Soviet authorities. The reason is that the notion of random process used by Khinchin contradicted dialectical materialism. In diamat, all ...
A stochastic process is a colection of random variables defined on the same probability space. Please explain further what parts of this definition are escaping you.
Stochastic Calculus for Finance I: Binomial asset pricing model and Stochastic Calculus for Finance II: tochastic Calculus for Finance II: Continuous-Time Models. These two books are very good if you want to apply the theory to price derivatives. Stochastic Differential Equations: An Introduction with Applications Bernt Oksanda.
An intuitive logical consequence of that interpretation is that the "law" or "underlying mechanism" that determines the stochastic process must be time-invariant. On the other hand, my understanding of the time homogeneous condition is that it explicitly states the time-invariance of the "law" or "underlying mechanism" of the stochastic process.
Now a "stochastic process" is simply a collection of many such variables, usually labeled by non-negative real numbers $t$. So $X_t$ is a random variable, and $X_t (\omega)$ is an actual number.
The second edition of Webster's New International Dictionary was published in 1934, so it would appear that the pronunciation of processes with a "long e" sound in the last syllable has been around for some time. Note that processes seems to only be pronounced with /siz/ or /siːz/ when it is a plural noun.