Samuel[a] is a figure who, in the narratives of the Hebrew Bible, plays a key role in the transition from the biblical judges to the United Kingdom of Israel under Saul, and again in the monarchy 's transition from Saul to David. He is venerated as a prophet in Judaism, Christianity, and Islam.
In the Bible, Samuel was a man chosen for God, from his miraculous birth until his death. He served in several important positions during his life, earning God's favor because he knew how to obey. Samuel was a contemporary of King Saul and King David.
Samuel was recognized as the judge of all Israel. Like Eli’s sons, Samuel’s two sons, Joel and Abijah, sinned before God by seeking dishonest gain and perverting justice.
Subsequent to his call, Samuel was established as a prophet in the land of Israel from the southern border of Beer-sheba to the northern extremity of Dan. Although details concerning Samuel himself are briefly given in the record, the general conditions are vividly portrayed.
As a prophet, judge, and spiritual leader, Samuel stood at a pivotal moment in Israel’s history. He guided the nation through its transition from the era of judges to the establishment of kings, leaving an indelible mark on God’s people.
Samuel was a religious hero in the history of Israel, represented in the Hebrew Bible (Old Testament) in every role of leadership open to a Jewish man of his day—seer, priest, judge, prophet, and military leader. His greatest distinction was his role in the establishment of the monarchy in Israel.
Samuel is a pivotal figure in the history of Israel, serving as the last judge, a prophet, and a priest. His life and ministry are chronicled primarily in the books of 1 Samuel and 2 Samuel. Samuel's role was crucial during a transitional period in Israel's history, as the nation moved from the era of judges to the establishment of the monarchy.